This chapter introduces the principle of confocal microscopy, the types of confocal microscopes currently available, and the various applications of confocal microscopy. Methods of specimen preparation for confocal microscopy are provided as guidelines and should be generally applicable to most cell types. Also included is a discussion of three dimensional reconstruction and four dimensional imaging (three dimensional imaging over time). Methodology for producing color prints and slides of confocal data is also presented. This chapter is principally aimed at prospective or novice confocal microscopists.