Introduction to Optical Microscopy provides a rigorous and comprehensive overview of the fundamentals of optical microscopy. Starting from basic principles in Fourier optics, partial coherence, 3D imaging theory, and the physics of scattering and fluorescence, Introduction to Optical Microscopy explores a broad range of microscopy techniques. These include classical techniques such as phase contrast, confocal microscopy, etc., and progress to more modern techniques such as holographic microscopy, optical coherence tomography, two-photon microscopy, coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy, etc.. The final chapters present a survey of new directions, including structured illumination and superresolution. Introduction to Optical Microscopy is designed to provide a solid theoretical foundation for graduate students or researchers who want to enter the field. While valuable as a reference, it can also serve as a textbook, featuring an updated Web site that provides problem sets and an instructor's solution manual.